2000 seriyali alyuminiy tasnifi
Al-Cu-Mg qotishmasi
AI-Cu-Mg seriyali qotishmalarining asosiy kompozit raqamlari 2A01 dir, 2A02, 2A06, 2A10, 2A11, 2A12, va boshqalar. Asosiy qo'shimcha elementlar misdir, magniy va marganets. Ular qotishmaga quyidagi ta'sir ko'rsatadi:
Qachon ō(Mg) 1% ~ 2%, oh(Cu) dan ortadi 1% uchun 4%, Söndürülmüş holatda qotishmaning kuchlanish kuchi 200MPa dan 380MPa gacha oshiriladi.; the tensile strength of the alloy in the quenched natural aging state is increased from 300MPa Increase to 480MPa. Qachon ō(Cu) 1% ~ 4% ichida va ō(Mg) dan ortadi 0.5% uchun 2.0%, qotishmaning kuchlanish kuchi ortadi; qachon ō(Mg) oshirishda davom etmoqda, qotishmaning mustahkamligi pasayadi.
oh(Cu)=4,0% va ō(Mg)=2,0% qotishma kuchlanish kuchi qiymati, oh(Cu)=3%~4% va ō(Mg)=0,5% ~ 1,3% qotishma, its quenching natural aging Effect. Experiments indicate that the tensile strength of Al-Cu-Mg ternary alloys with ω(Cu)=4%~6% va ō(Mg)Söndürülmüş tabiiy qarish holatida =1%~2% 490~ ga yetishi mumkin. 510MPa.
ō bilan Al-Cu-Mg qotishmasining chidamlilik kuchi sinov qiymatidan(Mn)200 ℃ va 160MPa kuchlanishda = 0,6%, ō ning mazmunini bilish mumkin(Cu)=3,5%~6% va ō(Mg)=1,2% ~ 2,0 % Qotishma, durable strength. Ushbu paytda, qotishma Al-S ning psevdo-binar kesimida joylashgan (Al, CuMg) or near this area. For alloys far away from the pseudo-binary cross-section, anavi, qachon ō(Mg)<1.2% va ō(Mg)>2.0%, the permanent strength decreases. If ω(Mg) gacha oshiriladi 3.0% yoki undan ko'p, qotishmaning doimiy quvvati tez pasayadi.
Tests at 250°C and 100MPa stress have also obtained similar laws. The literature points out that alloys with permanent strength at 300°C are located in the α+S phase region to the right of the Al-S binary cross section with higher magnesium content.
ō bilan Al-Cu ikkilik qotishmasi(Cu)=3%~5% has very low corrosion resistance in the quenched natural aging state. Adding 0.5% Mg a qattiq eritmaning potentsialini kamaytirishi mumkin, which can partially improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Qachon ō(Mg)>1.0%, qotishmaning mahalliy korroziyasi kuchayadi, va cho'zilish korroziyadan keyin keskin kamayadi.
ō bilan qotishmalar uchun(Cu)>4.0% va ō(Mg)>1.0%, magniy alyuminiyda misning eruvchanligini pasaytiradi. Qotishma erimaydigan CuAl ga ega 2 va S fazalari o'chirilgan holatda. The presence of these phases accelerates corrosion . The alloys with ω(Cu)=3%~5% va ō(Mg)=1%~4% are located in the same phase zone and have similar corrosion resistance in the quenched natural aging state. The alloy in the α-S phase region has worse corrosion resistance than the α-CuAl 2 -S region. Intergranular corrosion is the main corrosion tendency of Al-Cu-Mg alloys.
Manganese is added to Al-Cu-Mg alloy mainly to eliminate the harmful effects of iron and improve corrosion resistance. Manganese can slightly increase the room temperature strength of the alloy, but it reduces the plasticity. Manganese can also delay and weaken the artificial aging process of Al-Cu-Mg alloy and improve the heat resistance strength of the alloy. Manganese is also one of the main factors that make the Al-Cu-Mg alloy have an extrusion effect. oh(Mn) dan odatda kamroq 1%. Agar tarkib juda yuqori bo'lsa, u qo'pol hosil qilishi mumkin (FeMn)Al 6 mo'rt birikmalar va qotishma plastikligini kamaytiradi.
Al-Cu-Mg qotishmasiga qo'shilgan oz miqdordagi mikroelementlar titan va sirkoniydir., va aralashmalar asosan temirdir, kremniy va sink. Effektlar quyidagicha:
(1) Titan: Qotishmaga titan qo'shilishi quyma donalarni tozalashi va quyish paytida yoriqlar hosil bo'lish tendentsiyasini kamaytirishi mumkin..
(2) Zirkonyum: Kichik miqdordagi zirkonyum va titan shunga o'xshash ta'sirga ega, quyma donalarni tozalang, quyma va payvandlash yoriqlari tendentsiyasini kamaytirish, and improve the plasticity of ingots and welded joints. The addition of zirconium does not affect the strength of manganese-containing alloy cold-formed products, va marganetssiz qotishma kuchini biroz yaxshilaydi.
(3) Kremniy: ō bilan Al-Cu-Mg qotishmasi (Mg) dan kichik; .. dan kamroq 1.0% va ō (Va) Bundan ko'proq 0.5%, which can improve the speed and strength of artificial aging without affecting the natural aging ability. Because silicon and magnesium form the Mg 2 Si bosqichi, it is beneficial to improve the artificial aging effect. Biroq, qachon ō(Mg) gacha oshiriladi 1.5%, tabiiy qarishni yoki sun'iy qarishni davolashdan so'ng, qotishning mustahkamligi va issiqlikka chidamliligi ō ortishi bilan kamayadi(Va). Shuning uchun, oh(Va) should be reduced as much as possible. Bunga qo'chimcha, ō ning ortishi (Va) 2Al2 tendentsiyasini oshiradi, 2A06 and other alloys to form cracks and decrease the plasticity during riveting. Shuning uchun, ō (Va) qotishmada odatda cheklangan 0.5% yoki kamroq. For alloys that require high plasticity, oh (Va) pastroq bo'lishi kerak.
(4) Temir: Temir va alyuminiy FeAl hosil qiladi 3 birikmalar. Temir mis hosil qilgan birikmalarda eriydi, marganets, kremniy va boshqa elementlar. Qattiq eritmada erimaydigan bu qo'pol birikmalar qotishmaning plastikligini pasaytiradi va qotishma deformatsiyasiga olib keladi.. Bu yorilish oson, and the strengthening effect is obviously reduced. Kichik miqdorda temir (dan kichik; .. dan kamroq 0.25%) qotishmaning mexanik xususiyatlariga kam ta'sir qiladi, quyish va payvandlash jarayonida yoriqlar hosil bo'lish tendentsiyasini yaxshilashi mumkin, but reduce the natural aging speed. In order to obtain high plasticity materials, qotishma tarkibidagi temir va kremniy miqdori imkon qadar past bo'lishi kerak.
(5) Sink: Kichik miqdordagi sink (oh(Zn)=0,1%~0,5%) xona haroratida Al-Cu-Mg qotishmasining mexanik xususiyatlariga kam ta'sir qiladi, but it reduces the heat resistance of the alloy. The ω (Zn) qotishmasida kamroq chegaralanishi kerak 0.3%.
Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni qotishmasi
Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni seriyali qotishmalarining asosiy kombinatsiya raqamlari 2A70, 2A80, 2A90, va boshqalar. Har bir qotishma element quyidagi funktsiyalarga ega:
(1) Mis va magniy: The influence of copper and magnesium content on the room temperature strength and heat resistance of the above alloy is similar to that of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy. Since the content of copper and magnesium in this series of alloys is lower than that of Al-Cu-Mg alloys, qotishmalar a+S da joylashgan (Al 2 CuMg) ikki fazali hudud, shuning uchun qotishmalar yuqori xona harorati kuchiga va yaxshi issiqlik qarshiligiga ega; bunga qo'chimcha, Mis miqdori past bo'lganda, past konsentratsiyali qattiq eritmaning parchalanish tendentsiyasi past, bu qotishmaning issiqlikka chidamliligi uchun foydalidir.
(2) Nikel: Qotishma tarkibidagi nikel va mis erimaydigan uchlik birikma hosil qilishi mumkin. Nikel miqdori past bo'lganda (Ba'zilar), nikel miqdori yuqori bo'lganda, Al 3 (CuNi) 2 shakllanadi. Shuning uchun, nikel mavjudligi qattiq eritmadagi misni kamaytirishi mumkin. The measurement results of the lattice constant of the quenched state also proved the depletion of copper solute atoms in the alloy solid solution. When the iron content is very low, nikel tarkibini oshirish qotishma qattiqligini kamaytirishi va qotishmaning mustahkamlovchi ta'sirini kamaytirishi mumkin.
(3) Temir: Nikel kabi, iron can also reduce the concentration of copper in solid solution. When the nickel content is very low, qotishma qattiqligi dastlab temir tarkibi ortishi bilan kamayadi, ammo temir tarkibi ma'lum bir qiymatga yetganda, ortib keta boshlaydi.
AlCu ga temir va nikel qo'shilganda 2.2 Mg 1.65 bir vaqtning o'zida qotishma, tabiiy qarishni o'chirishda qattiqlik xususiyatlari o'zgaradi, sun'iy qarishni o'chirish, Söndürme va tavlanish o'xshashdir, va nikel va temirning o'xshash tarkibiga ega bo'lgan qismlarda qiymat paydo bo'ladi. Bu yerga, o'chirilgan holatdagi panjara konstantasi minimal ko'rinadi.
Qotishma tarkibidagi temir miqdori nikel tarkibidan kattaroq bo'lganda, Al 7 Cu 2 Fe phase will appear. When the nickel content in the alloy is greater than the iron content, AlCuNi fazasi paydo bo'ladi. Mis o'z ichiga olgan uch fazaning ko'rinishi qattiq eritmada misning konsentratsiyasini kamaytiradi. Faqat temir va nikel tarkibi teng bo'lganda, hammasi Al 9 FeNi phases are formed. Ushbu holatda, chunki erimaydigan mis o'z ichiga olgan faza hosil qilish uchun ortiqcha temir yoki nikel yo'q, qotishma tarkibidagi mis nafaqat S ni hosil qiladi(Al 2 CuMg) bosqichi, balki qattiq eritmadagi mis konsentratsiyasini ham oshiradi. Qotishma kuchini va uning issiqlikka chidamliligini yaxshilash foydalidir.
The content of iron and nickel can affect the heat resistance of the alloy. The Al 9 FeNi fazasi qattiq va mo'rt birikma bo'lib, Alda eruvchanligi juda past. Soxtalashtirish va issiqlik bilan ishlov berishdan keyin, ular strukturada tarqalganda, they can significantly improve the heat resistance of the alloy. Masalan, AlCu ichida 2.2 Mg 1.65 qotishma, oh(In)=1,0%, ō qo'shish(Fe)=0,7% ~ 0,9% qotishma chidamlilik kuchi qiymati.
(4) Kremniy: ō qo'shiladi(Va)= 0,5% ~ 1,2% dan 2A80 qotishmasi qotishma xona haroratining kuchini oshirishi mumkin, lekin qotishma issiqlik qarshiligini kamaytiring.
(5) Titan: ō qo'shiladi(Of)=0,02% ~ 0,1% dan 2A70 qotishmasi quyma donalarni tozalashi va zarb qilish jarayonini yaxshilashi mumkin., bu issiqlikka chidamlilik uchun foydalidir, lekin xona haroratining ishlashiga kam ta'sir qiladi.
Al-Cu-Mn qotishmasi
Al-Cu-Mn seriyali qotishmalarining asosiy kombinatsiya raqamlari 2A16 dir, 2A17, va boshqalar. Asosiy qotishma elementlar quyidagi funktsiyalarga ega:
(1) Mis: Xona haroratida va yuqori haroratda, the strength of the alloy increases as the copper content increases. Qachon ō (Cu) yetadi 5.0%, the alloy strength is close to the value. Bunga qo'chimcha, mis qotishma payvandlash ish faoliyatini yaxshilashi mumkin.
(2) Marganets: Marganets issiqlikka chidamli qotishmalarni yaxshilash uchun asosiy element hisoblanadi. Qattiq eritmadagi atomlarning faollashuv energiyasini oshirishi mumkin, reduce the diffusion coefficient of solute atoms and the decomposition rate of solid solution. When the solid solution is decomposed, cho'kma T fazasining shakllanishi va o'sishi (Al 20 Cu 2 Mn 3) ham juda sekin, so the alloy has stable performance when heated for a long time at a certain high temperature. Adding appropriate manganese (oh(Mn)=0,6%~0,8%) can improve the room temperature strength and endurance strength of the alloy in the quenched and natural aging state. Biroq, agar marganets miqdori juda yuqori bo'lsa, T fazasi kuchayadi, bu interfeysni oshiradi, diffuziya effektini tezlashtiradi, and reduce the heat resistance of the alloy. Bunga qo'chimcha, marganets, shuningdek, qotishma payvandlash paytida yorilish tendentsiyasini kamaytirishi mumkin.
Al-Cu-Mn qotishmasiga qo'shilgan iz elementlari magniydir, titan va sirkoniy, asosiy nopoklik elementlari esa temirdir, kremniy, sink, va boshqalar. Effektlar quyidagicha:
(1) Magniy: 2Al6 qotishmasida mis va marganets miqdori o'zgarmagan bo'lsa, ō qo'shing(Mg)=0.25%~0.45% to form a 2A17 alloy. Magnesium can increase the room temperature strength of the alloy and improve the heat resistance strength below 150~225℃. Biroq, harorat yana ko'tarilganda, the strength of the alloy decreases significantly. Biroq, magniy qo'shilishi qotishmaning payvandlash ish faoliyatini yomonlashtirishi mumkin, shuning uchun issiqlikka chidamli payvandlanadigan 2A16 qotishmasida, nopoklik ō (Mg) ≤ 0.05%.
(2) Titan: Titan quyma donalarni tozalashi mumkin, qotishmaning qayta kristallanish haroratini oshirish, o'ta to'yingan qattiq eritmaning parchalanish tendentsiyasini kamaytirish, and stabilize the structure of the alloy at high temperatures. Biroq, qachon ō(Of)>0.3%, qo'pol igna o'xshash kristal TiAl hosil bo'lishi 3 compounds will reduce the heat resistance of the alloy. The ω(Of) qotishma 0,1% ~ 0,2% sifatida belgilangan.
(3) Zirkonyum: qachon ō(Zr)=0,1% ~ 0,25% ga qo'shiladi 2219 qotishma, donlarni tozalash mumkin, va qotishmaning qayta kristallanish harorati va qattiq eritmaning barqarorligi yaxshilanishi mumkin, thereby improving the heat resistance of the alloy and improving The weldability of the alloy and the ductility of the weld. Biroq, qachon ō(Zr) yuqori, ko'proq mo'rt birikma ZrAl 3 ishlab chiqarilishi mumkin.
(4) Temir: Qachon ō(Fe)>0.45% temir qotishmasida, erimaydigan faza Al7Cu2Fe hosil bo'ladi, which can reduce the mechanical properties of the alloy in the quenched aging state and the endurance strength at 300℃. So limit ω(Fe)<0.3%.
(5) Kremniy: Kichik miqdordagi kremniy (oh(Va)≤0,4%) xona haroratining mexanik xususiyatlariga aniq ta'sir ko'rsatmaydi, lekin 300 ℃ da chidamlilik kuchini pasaytiradi; qachon ō(Va)>0.4%, it also reduces the room temperature mechanical properties. Shuning uchun, chegara o(Va)<0.3%.
(6) Sink: Kichik miqdordagi sink (oh(Zn)=0,3%) qotishma xona haroratining ishlashiga hech qanday ta'sir ko'rsatmaydi, ammo alyuminiydagi misning tarqalish tezligini tezlashtirishi va qotishmaning doimiy kuchini 300 ℃ da kamaytirishi mumkin., shuning uchun u ō bilan cheklangan(Zn)< 0.1%.