2000 mfululizo wa alumini uainishaji
Aloi ya Al-Cu-Mg
Nambari kuu za mchanganyiko wa aloi za mfululizo wa AI-Cu-Mg ni 2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A10, 2A11, 2A12, na kadhalika. Vipengele kuu vya kuongeza ni shaba, magnesiamu na manganese. Wana athari zifuatazo kwenye aloi:
Wakati ω(Mg) ni 1%~2%, oh(Cu) huongezeka kutoka 1% kwa 4%, nguvu ya mkazo ya aloi katika hali ya kuzimwa imeongezeka kutoka 200MPa hadi 380MPa; the tensile strength of the alloy in the quenched natural aging state is increased from 300MPa Increase to 480MPa. Wakati ω(Cu) iko ndani ya 1% ~ 4% na ω(Mg) huongezeka kutoka 0.5% kwa 2.0%, nguvu ya mvutano wa aloi huongezeka; wakati ω(Mg) inaendelea kuongezeka, nguvu ya alloy hupungua.
oh(Cu)=4.0% na ω(Mg)= 2.0% thamani ya nguvu ya mvutano wa aloi, oh(Cu)=3%~4% na ω(Mg)=0.5%~1.3% aloi, its quenching natural aging Effect. Experiments indicate that the tensile strength of Al-Cu-Mg ternary alloys with ω(Cu)=4%~6% na ω(Mg)=1%~2% inaweza kufikia 490 ~ katika hali ya asili iliyozimika ya kuzeeka. 510MPa.
Kutoka kwa thamani ya mtihani wa nguvu ya ustahimilivu wa aloi ya Al-Cu-Mg yenye ω(Mhe)=0.6% katika 200℃ na 160MPa mkazo, inaweza kujulikana kuwa yaliyomo katika ω(Cu)=3.5%~6% na ω(Mg)=1.2%~2.0 % Aloi, durable strength. Wakati huu, aloi iko kwenye sehemu ya msalaba ya pseudo-binary ya Al-S (Al, CuMg) or near this area. For alloys far away from the pseudo-binary cross-section, hiyo ni, wakati ω(Mg)<1.2% na ω(Mg)>2.0%, the permanent strength decreases. If ω(Mg) imeongezeka hadi 3.0% au zaidi, nguvu ya kudumu ya alloy itapungua kwa kasi.
Tests at 250°C and 100MPa stress have also obtained similar laws. The literature points out that alloys with permanent strength at 300°C are located in the α+S phase region to the right of the Al-S binary cross section with higher magnesium content.
Aloi ya binary ya Al-Cu yenye ω(Cu)=3%~5% has very low corrosion resistance in the quenched natural aging state. Adding 0.5% Mg inaweza kupunguza uwezo wa α suluhu thabiti, which can partially improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Wakati ω(Mg)>1.0%, kutu ya ndani ya aloi huongezeka, na elongation hupungua kwa kasi baada ya kutu.
Kwa aloi zilizo na ω(Cu)>4.0% na ω(Mg)>1.0%, magnesiamu hupunguza umumunyifu wa shaba katika alumini. Aloi ina CuAl isiyoyeyuka 2 na awamu za S katika hali iliyozimika. The presence of these phases accelerates corrosion . The alloys with ω(Cu)=3%~5% na ω(Mg)=1%~4% are located in the same phase zone and have similar corrosion resistance in the quenched natural aging state. The alloy in the α-S phase region has worse corrosion resistance than the α-CuAl 2 -S region. Intergranular corrosion is the main corrosion tendency of Al-Cu-Mg alloys.
Manganese is added to Al-Cu-Mg alloy mainly to eliminate the harmful effects of iron and improve corrosion resistance. Manganese can slightly increase the room temperature strength of the alloy, but it reduces the plasticity. Manganese can also delay and weaken the artificial aging process of Al-Cu-Mg alloy and improve the heat resistance strength of the alloy. Manganese is also one of the main factors that make the Al-Cu-Mg alloy have an extrusion effect. oh(Mhe) kwa ujumla ni chini ya 1%. Ikiwa maudhui ni ya juu sana, inaweza kuunda coarse (FeMn)Al 6 misombo ya brittle na kupunguza plastiki ya aloi.
Kiasi kidogo cha vipengele vya kufuatilia vilivyoongezwa kwa aloi ya Al-Cu-Mg ni titani na zirconium, na uchafu hasa ni chuma, silicon na zinki. Madhara ni kama ifuatavyo:
(1) Titanium: Kuongezwa kwa titani kwenye aloi kunaweza kuboresha nafaka kama-kutupwa na kupunguza tabia ya kuunda nyufa wakati wa kutupwa..
(2) Zirconium: Kiasi kidogo cha zirconium na titani zina athari sawa, safisha nafaka kama-kutupwa, kupunguza tabia ya kutupa na nyufa za kulehemu, and improve the plasticity of ingots and welded joints. The addition of zirconium does not affect the strength of manganese-containing alloy cold-formed products, na inaboresha kidogo nguvu ya aloi isiyo na manganese.
(3) Silikoni: Aloi ya Al-Cu-Mg yenye ω (Mg) chini ya 1.0% na ω (Na) zaidi ya 0.5%, which can improve the speed and strength of artificial aging without affecting the natural aging ability. Because silicon and magnesium form the Mg 2 Si awamu, it is beneficial to improve the artificial aging effect. Hata hivyo, wakati ω(Mg) imeongezeka hadi 1.5%, baada ya kuzima kuzeeka asili au matibabu ya kuzeeka ya bandia, nguvu na upinzani wa joto wa alloy itapungua kwa ongezeko la ω(Na). Kwa hiyo, oh(Na) should be reduced as much as possible. Zaidi ya hayo, kuongezeka kwa ω (Na) itaongeza tabia ya 2Al2, 2A06 and other alloys to form cracks and decrease the plasticity during riveting. Kwa hiyo, ω (Na) katika aloi kwa ujumla ni mdogo kwa 0.5% au chini. For alloys that require high plasticity, oh (Na) inapaswa kuwa chini.
(4) Chuma: Chuma na alumini hutengeneza FeAl 3 misombo. Iron itayeyuka ndani ya misombo inayoundwa na shaba, manganese, silicon na vipengele vingine. Misombo hii coarse ambayo haiyeyuki katika suluhisho gumu itapunguza ugumu wa aloi na kusababisha aloi kuharibika.. Ni rahisi kupasuka, and the strengthening effect is obviously reduced. Kiasi kidogo cha chuma (chini ya 0.25%) ina athari kidogo juu ya mali ya mitambo ya alloy, ambayo inaweza kuboresha tabia ya malezi ya ufa wakati wa kutupwa na kulehemu, but reduce the natural aging speed. In order to obtain high plasticity materials, maudhui ya chuma na silicon katika aloi inapaswa kuwa chini iwezekanavyo.
(5) Zinki: Kiasi kidogo cha zinki (oh(Zn)=0.1%~0.5%) ina athari kidogo juu ya mali ya mitambo ya aloi ya Al-Cu-Mg kwenye joto la kawaida, but it reduces the heat resistance of the alloy. The ω (Zn) katika alloy inapaswa kuwa mdogo kwa chini ya 0.3%.
Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni aloi
Nambari kuu za mchanganyiko wa aloi za mfululizo wa Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni ni 2A70, 2A80, 2A90, na kadhalika. Kila kipengele cha alloy kina kazi zifuatazo:
(1) Copper na magnesiamu: The influence of copper and magnesium content on the room temperature strength and heat resistance of the above alloy is similar to that of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy. Since the content of copper and magnesium in this series of alloys is lower than that of Al-Cu-Mg alloys, aloi ziko katika α+S (Al 2 CuMg) mkoa wa awamu mbili, hivyo aloi zina nguvu ya juu ya joto la chumba na upinzani mzuri wa joto; zaidi ya hayo, Wakati maudhui ya shaba ni ya chini, ufumbuzi wa chini wa ukolezi imara una tabia ya chini ya kuoza, ambayo ni ya manufaa kwa upinzani wa joto wa alloy.
(2) Nickel: Nickel na shaba katika aloi zinaweza kuunda kiwanja cha ternary kisichoweza kuingizwa. Wakati maudhui ya nikeli ni ya chini (Baadhi), wakati maudhui ya nikeli ni ya juu, Al 3 (CuNi) 2 inaundwa. Kwa hiyo, uwepo wa nickel unaweza kupunguza shaba katika suluhisho imara. The measurement results of the lattice constant of the quenched state also proved the depletion of copper solute atoms in the alloy solid solution. When the iron content is very low, kuongeza maudhui ya nickel inaweza kupunguza ugumu wa alloy na kupunguza athari ya kuimarisha ya alloy.
(3) Chuma: Kama nikeli, iron can also reduce the concentration of copper in solid solution. When the nickel content is very low, ugumu wa alloy awali hupungua kwa ongezeko la maudhui ya chuma, lakini wakati maudhui ya chuma yanafikia thamani fulani, inaanza kuongezeka.
Wakati chuma na nikeli huongezwa kwa AlCu 2.2 Mg 1.65 aloi wakati huo huo, sifa za ugumu hubadilika chini ya kuzima kuzeeka asili, kuzima kuzeeka kwa bandia, kuzima na kuzima ni sawa, na thamani inaonekana katika sehemu zilizo na yaliyomo sawa ya nikeli na chuma. Hapa, latiti mara kwa mara katika hali ya kuzimwa inaonekana kuwa ya chini.
Wakati maudhui ya chuma katika aloi ni kubwa kuliko maudhui ya nikeli, ya Al 7 Cu 2 Fe phase will appear. When the nickel content in the alloy is greater than the iron content, awamu ya AlCuNi itaonekana. Kuonekana kwa awamu ya ternary yenye shaba hupunguza mkusanyiko wa shaba katika suluhisho imara. Ni wakati tu yaliyomo ya chuma na nikeli ni sawa, zote Al 9 FeNi phases are formed. Kwa kesi hii, kwa sababu hakuna ziada ya chuma au nikeli kuunda awamu iliyo na shaba isiyoyeyuka, shaba katika aloi sio tu kuunda S(Al 2 CuMg) awamu, lakini pia huongeza mkusanyiko wa shaba katika suluhisho imara. Ni manufaa kuboresha nguvu ya alloy na upinzani wake wa joto.
The content of iron and nickel can affect the heat resistance of the alloy. The Al 9 Awamu ya FeNi ni kiwanja kigumu na kikavu chenye umumunyifu mdogo sana katika Al. Baada ya kughushi na matibabu ya joto, wakati wao ni kutawanywa katika muundo, they can significantly improve the heat resistance of the alloy. Kwa mfano, katika AlCu 2.2 Mg 1.65 aloi, oh(Katika)=1.0%, kuongeza ω(Fe)=0.7%~0.9% thamani ya nguvu ya aloi inayostahimili.
(4) Silikoni: Kuongeza ω(Na)=0.5%~1.2% hadi 2A80 aloi inaweza kuongeza nguvu ya joto la chumba cha aloi, lakini kupunguza upinzani wa joto wa alloy.
(5) Titanium: Kuongeza ω(Ya)=0.02%~0.1% hadi 2A70 aloi inaweza kuboresha nafaka kama-kutupwa na kuboresha utendakazi wa mchakato wa kughushi., ambayo ni ya manufaa kwa upinzani wa joto, lakini ina athari kidogo juu ya utendaji wa joto la chumba.
Al-Cu-Mn aloi
Nambari kuu za mchanganyiko wa aloi za mfululizo wa Al-Cu-Mn ni 2A16, 2A17, na kadhalika. Vipengele kuu vya alloying vina kazi zifuatazo:
(1) Shaba: Kwa joto la kawaida na joto la juu, the strength of the alloy increases as the copper content increases. Wakati ω (Cu) hufikia 5.0%, the alloy strength is close to the value. Zaidi ya hayo, shaba inaweza kuboresha utendaji wa kulehemu wa aloi.
(2) Manganese: Manganese ndio nyenzo kuu ya kuboresha aloi zinazostahimili joto. Inaweza kuongeza nishati ya uanzishaji wa atomi katika suluhisho thabiti, reduce the diffusion coefficient of solute atoms and the decomposition rate of solid solution. When the solid solution is decomposed, malezi na ukuaji wa awamu ya T iliyopungua (Al 20 Cu 2 Mhe 3) pia ni polepole sana, so the alloy has stable performance when heated for a long time at a certain high temperature. Adding appropriate manganese (oh(Mhe)=0.6%~0.8%) can improve the room temperature strength and endurance strength of the alloy in the quenched and natural aging state. Hata hivyo, ikiwa maudhui ya manganese ni ya juu sana, awamu ya T itaongezeka, ambayo itaongeza kiolesura, kuharakisha athari ya kuenea, and reduce the heat resistance of the alloy. Zaidi ya hayo, manganese pia inaweza kupunguza tabia ya kupasuka wakati wa kulehemu aloi.
Vipengele vya ufuatiliaji vilivyoongezwa kwenye aloi ya Al-Cu-Mn ni magnesiamu, titanium na zirconium, wakati mambo kuu ya uchafu ni chuma, silicon, zinki, na kadhalika. Madhara ni kama ifuatavyo:
(1) Magnesiamu: Wakati maudhui ya shaba na manganese katika aloi ya 2Al6 haibadilika, ongeza ω(Mg)=0.25%~0.45% to form a 2A17 alloy. Magnesium can increase the room temperature strength of the alloy and improve the heat resistance strength below 150~225℃. Hata hivyo, wakati joto linaongezeka tena, the strength of the alloy decreases significantly. Hata hivyo, kuongezwa kwa magnesiamu kunaweza kudhoofisha utendaji wa kulehemu wa aloi, kwa hivyo katika aloi ya 2A16 inayoweza kuhimili joto, uchafu ω (Mg) ≤ 0.05%.
(2) Titanium: Titanium inaweza kuboresha nafaka kama-kutupwa, kuongeza joto la recrystallization ya aloi, punguza tabia ya mtengano wa suluhisho gumu lililojaa maji, and stabilize the structure of the alloy at high temperatures. Hata hivyo, wakati ω(Ya)>0.3%, malezi ya kioo coarse-kama sindano TiAl 3 compounds will reduce the heat resistance of the alloy. The ω(Ya) ya aloi imebainishwa kama 0.1% ~ 0.2%.
(3) Zirconium: wakati ω(Zr)=0.1%~0.25% imeongezwa kwa 2219 aloi, nafaka zinaweza kusafishwa, na joto la recrystallization ya aloi na utulivu wa ufumbuzi imara inaweza kuboreshwa, thereby improving the heat resistance of the alloy and improving The weldability of the alloy and the ductility of the weld. Hata hivyo, wakati ω(Zr) iko juu, zaidi brittle kiwanja ZrAl 3 inaweza kuzalishwa.
(4) Chuma: Wakati ω(Fe)>0.45% katika aloi ya chuma, awamu isiyoyeyuka Al7Cu2Fe huundwa, which can reduce the mechanical properties of the alloy in the quenched aging state and the endurance strength at 300℃. So limit ω(Fe)<0.3%.
(5) Silikoni: Kiasi kidogo cha silicon (oh(Na)≤0.4%) haina athari ya wazi juu ya mali ya mitambo ya joto la chumba, lakini inapunguza nguvu ya kustahimili saa 300 ℃; wakati ω(Na)>0.4%, it also reduces the room temperature mechanical properties. Kwa hiyo, kikomo o(Na)<0.3%.
(6) Zinki: Kiasi kidogo cha zinki (oh(Zn)=0.3%) haina athari juu ya utendaji wa joto la chumba cha alloy, lakini inaweza kuharakisha kiwango cha usambaaji wa shaba katika alumini na kupunguza nguvu ya kudumu ya aloi kwa 300℃., kwa hivyo ni mdogo kwa ω(Zn)< 0.1%.